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Written in 1839 and chosen as the winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will marked the beginning of its author's public recognition and is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism. Schopenhauer distinguishes the freedom of acting from the freedom of willing, affirming the former while denying the latter. He portrays human action as thoroughly determined but also argues that the freedom which cannot be established in the sphere of human action is preserved at the level of our innermost being as individuated will, whose reality transcends all dependency on outside factors. This volume offers the text in a previously unpublished translation by Eric F. J. Payne, the leading twentieth-century translator of Schopenhauer into English, together with a historical and philosophical introduction by Gunter Zoller.
Finally we know it for certain....Ironically, despite Schopenhauer's relative simplicity, not a single one of all the brilliant phenomenologists of the 20th century, who all believed in free will (Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Lévinas...), ever managed to properly refute determinism. In fact, they handily ignored this work. If only they had read it, their systems would not have suddenly lapsed from brilliance into incoherent obfuscation whenever they were confronted with the problem of freedom. Also, they could have integrated it with a theory of the unconscious like Jung's very easily, rather than being forced into deliberate ignorance of depth psychology (like Heidegger), or terrible refutations of the unconscious (like Sartre).What is more, this is not a materialistic, but an IDEALIST á la Berkeley proof of total determinism! The fact that this is so little read proves what Nietzche said about free will - that a theory so easily refutable will always be believed simply because it is obvious it is not true and the very fact that it IS so easily refutable. Buy this now, if you've got any interest in philosophy, or even more importantly if you're planning to write any philosophy...